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Green Building Glossary
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Air Leakage
Energy Lost to Air Leakage in Poor Buildings
Standard Test Pressure
Secondary Risk โ UAE Humidity
Primary Source of Air Leakage
English Definition
The uncontrolled movement of air through gaps and imperfections in a building’s envelope โ causing energy loss, humidity ingress, degraded indoor air quality, and comfort problems in UAE buildings, and directly measurable through standardised pressurisation testing.
What is Air Leakage?
Air leakage โ also called air infiltration or uncontrolled air movement โ is the flow of air through unintentional openings in a building’s envelope: cracks, gaps at junctions between construction elements, imperfect seals around window and door frames, service penetrations (pipe and cable entries), and construction defects. It differs fundamentally from controlled ventilation โ which is designed, sized, and filtered โ in that it is driven purely by adventitious pressure differences (wind, stack effect, HVAC pressure imbalances) and delivers no quality-controlled fresh air to the occupied space.
Consequences of Air Leakage in UAE Buildings
Air leakage has multiple adverse consequences in UAE buildings. Energy loss is the most significant: incoming outdoor air at peak summer conditions (42ยฐC, 70% RH) must be cooled and dehumidified to supply air conditions (typically 13โ14ยฐC, less than 50% RH), requiring substantial refrigeration energy. Buildings with high air leakage rates can lose 25โ40% of their HVAC energy through infiltration in extreme UAE conditions. Humidity ingress is a particularly important concern in the UAE’s coastal areas: uncontrolled moisture entry can cause condensation within the building fabric, leading to mould growth, structural deterioration, and indoor air quality problems. Comfort complaints โ cold or hot draughts near leakage points โ are a common consequence in air-leaky buildings.
Common Sources and Design Mitigation
The principal sources of air leakage in UAE construction include: window and curtain wall frame perimeter seals โ particularly critical in high-rise facades where wind pressure differentials are substantial; service penetrations through the facade for mechanical, electrical, and plumbing services; construction joints between different facade systems; roof-to-wall junctions; and HVAC duct penetrations through the building envelope.
Mitigation requires a continuous air barrier strategy โ specifying a single unbroken layer of low-permeability material within the construction and detailing all junctions and penetrations to maintain its continuity. In UAE construction, the air barrier is typically achieved through the combination of render or cladding membranes on external walls, correctly sealed window and door frames, and sealed service penetrations. Post-construction pressurisation testing per ATTMA TS1 or ISO 9972 protocols provides the only objective verification of actual achieved airtightness before the building is occupied.
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ุญุฑูุฉ ุงูููุงุก ุบูุฑ ุงูู ุชุญูููู ูููุง ุนุจุฑ ุงููุฌูุงุช ูุฃูุฌู ุงููุตูุฑ ูู ุบูุงู ุงูู ุจูู โ ุชูุณุจููุจ ุฎุณุงุฆุฑ ุทุงูุฉ ูุฏุฎูู ุฑุทูุจุฉ ูุชุฏููุฑ ุฌูุฏุฉ ุงูููุงุก ุงูุฏุงุฎูู ูู ุดููุงุช ุฑุงุญุฉ ูู ุงูู ุจุงูู ุงูุฅู ุงุฑุงุชูุฉุ ููู ูุงุจูุฉ ููููุงุณ ุงูู ุจุงุดุฑ ุนุจุฑ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑุงุช ุงูุถุบุท ุงูู ุนูุงุฑูุฉ.
ู ุง ูู ุชุณุฑุจ ุงูููุงุกุ
ุชุณุฑุจ ุงูููุงุก โ ุงูู ุนุฑูู ุฃูุถุงู ุจุชุณุฑุจ ุงูููุงุก ุฃู ุญุฑูุฉ ุงูููุงุก ุบูุฑ ุงูู ุชุญูููู ูููุง โ ูู ุชุฏูู ุงูููุงุก ุนุจุฑ ุงููุชุญุงุช ุบูุฑ ุงูู ูุตูุฏุฉ ูู ุบูุงู ุงูู ุจูู: ุงูุดููู ูุงููุฌูุงุช ุนูุฏ ูุตูุงุช ุนูุงุตุฑ ุงูุจูุงุก ูุงูุฃุฎุชุงู ุบูุฑ ุงูู ุญูู ุฉ ุญูู ุฅุทุงุฑุงุช ุงูููุงูุฐ ูุงูุฃุจูุงุจ ูู ุฏุงุฎู ุงูุฎุฏู ุงุช (ู ุฏุงุฎู ุงูุฃูุงุจูุจ ูุงููุงุจูุงุช) ูุงูุนููุจ ุงูุฅูุดุงุฆูุฉ. ููุฎุชูู ุฌููุฑูุงู ุนู ุงูุชูููุฉ ุงูู ุชุญูููู ูููุง โ ุงูู ุตู ู ุฉ ูุงูู ูุตู ููู ุฉ ุจุญุฌู ู ุญุฏุฏ ูุงูู ูุฑุดููุญุฉ โ ูู ุฃูู ู ุฏููุน ุจูุฑูู ุงูุถุบุท ุงูุนุฑุถูุฉ ูุญุณุจ ููุง ููููููุฑ ููุงุกู ุทุงุฒุฌุงู ุฐุง ุฌูุฏุฉ ู ุชุญูููู ูููุง ูููุถุงุก ุงูู ุดุบูู.
ุชุฏุงุนูุงุช ุชุณุฑุจ ุงูููุงุก ูู ุงูู ุจุงูู ุงูุฅู ุงุฑุงุชูุฉ
ูุชุณุฑุจ ุงูููุงุก ุชุฏุงุนูุงุช ุณูุจูุฉ ู ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ูู ุงูู ุจุงูู ุงูุฅู ุงุฑุงุชูุฉ. ุฎุณุงุฑุฉ ุงูุทุงูุฉ ูู ุงูุฃูุซุฑ ุฃูู ูุฉ: ูุฌุจ ุชุจุฑูุฏ ุงูููุงุก ุงูุฎุงุฑุฌู ุงููุงุฑุฏ ูู ุธุฑูู ุงูุตูู ุงูุฐุฑูุฉ (42ยฐู ุ 70% ุฑุทูุจุฉ ูุณุจูุฉ) ูุชุฌูููู ูุชุญููู ุธุฑูู ููุงุก ุงูุชุบุฐูุฉุ ู ู ุง ูุณุชูุฒู ุทุงูุฉ ุชุจุฑูุฏ ูุจูุฑุฉ. ููู ูู ููู ุจุงูู ุฐุงุช ู ุนุฏูุงุช ุชุณุฑุจ ุงูููุงุก ุงูุนุงููุฉ ุฃู ุชุฎุณุฑ 25โ40% ู ู ุทุงูุฉ ุชูููููุง ู ู ุฎูุงู ุงูุชุณุฑุจ ูู ุงูุธุฑูู ุงูุฅู ุงุฑุงุชูุฉ ุงููุตูู. ูุฏุฎูู ุงูุฑุทูุจุฉ ู ุตุฏุฑ ููู ุจุงูุบ ุงูุฃูู ูุฉ ุจุดูู ุฎุงุต ูู ุงูู ูุงุทู ุงูุณุงุญููุฉ ุงูุฅู ุงุฑุงุชูุฉ.
ุงูู ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงูุดุงุฆุนุฉ ูุฅุฌุฑุงุกุงุช ุงูุชุฎููู ุงูุชุตู ูู ูุฉ
ุชุดู ู ุงูู ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงูุฑุฆูุณูุฉ ูุชุณุฑุจ ุงูููุงุก ูู ุงูุจูุงุก ุงูุฅู ุงุฑุงุชู: ุฃุฎุชุงู ู ุญูุท ุฅุทุงุฑุงุช ุงูููุงูุฐ ูุงููุงุฌูุงุช ุงูุฒุฌุงุฌูุฉุ ูู ุฏุงุฎู ุงูุฎุฏู ุงุช ุนุจุฑ ุงููุงุฌูุฉ ููุฎุฏู ุงุช ุงูู ููุงููููุฉ ูุงูููุฑุจุงุฆูุฉ ูุงูุณุจุงูุฉุ ูุงููุตูุงุช ุงูุฅูุดุงุฆูุฉุ ููุตูุงุช ุงูุณูู ุจุงูุฌุฏุงุฑ. ููุณุชูุฒู ุงูุชุฎููู ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูุฌูุฉ ุญุงุฌุฒ ููุงุก ู ุชูุงุตู โ ุชุญุฏูุฏ ุทุจูุฉ ูุงุญุฏุฉ ุบูุฑ ู ููุทุนุฉ ู ู ุงูู ูุงุฏ ู ูุฎูุถุฉ ุงูููุงุฐูุฉ ุฏุงุฎู ุงูุชุดููุฏ ูุชูุตูู ุฌู ูุน ุงููุตูุงุช ูุงูุงุฎุชุฑุงูุงุช ููุญูุงุธ ุนูู ุงุณุชู ุฑุงุฑูุชูุง. ูููููููุฑ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ุงูุถุบุท ุจุนุฏ ุงูุฅูุดุงุก ุงูุชุญูู ุงูู ูุถูุนู ุงููุญูุฏ ู ู ุฅุญูุงู ุฅุบูุงู ุงูููุงุก ุงููุนูู ุงูู ูุญูููู ูุจู ุดุบู ุงูู ุจูู.
e-Basel Consultancy provides expert advisory on green building design, Al Sa’fat compliance, and building envelope optimisation across the UAE.