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Air Leakage

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Air Leakage

๐Ÿ— Building Design & Envelope

Air Leakage

ุชุณุฑุจ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก

๐Ÿ“ Building Design & Envelope
๐Ÿ› Dubai Municipality ยท Al Sa’fat ยท ASHRAE ยท ISO
๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡ช UAE Regulatory Context

25โ€“40%
Energy Lost to Air Leakage in Poor Buildings
50 Pa
Standard Test Pressure
Moisture
Secondary Risk โ€” UAE Humidity
Joints
Primary Source of Air Leakage
English Term
Air Leakage

Arabic Term
ุชุณุฑุจ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก

Authority / Standard
Dubai Municipality ยท Al Sa’fat ยท ASHRAE ยท ISO

Key Standards
Al Sa’fat ยท ASHRAE 90.1 ยท ISO 9972 ยท ATTMA TS1 ยท Dubai Green Building Regulations

Tags
Air LeakageAirtightnessInfiltrationEnergy LossEnvelopeMoisture Control
๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง
English Definition

The uncontrolled movement of air through gaps and imperfections in a building’s envelope โ€” causing energy loss, humidity ingress, degraded indoor air quality, and comfort problems in UAE buildings, and directly measurable through standardised pressurisation testing.

What is Air Leakage?

Air leakage โ€” also called air infiltration or uncontrolled air movement โ€” is the flow of air through unintentional openings in a building’s envelope: cracks, gaps at junctions between construction elements, imperfect seals around window and door frames, service penetrations (pipe and cable entries), and construction defects. It differs fundamentally from controlled ventilation โ€” which is designed, sized, and filtered โ€” in that it is driven purely by adventitious pressure differences (wind, stack effect, HVAC pressure imbalances) and delivers no quality-controlled fresh air to the occupied space.

Consequences of Air Leakage in UAE Buildings

Air leakage has multiple adverse consequences in UAE buildings. Energy loss is the most significant: incoming outdoor air at peak summer conditions (42ยฐC, 70% RH) must be cooled and dehumidified to supply air conditions (typically 13โ€“14ยฐC, less than 50% RH), requiring substantial refrigeration energy. Buildings with high air leakage rates can lose 25โ€“40% of their HVAC energy through infiltration in extreme UAE conditions. Humidity ingress is a particularly important concern in the UAE’s coastal areas: uncontrolled moisture entry can cause condensation within the building fabric, leading to mould growth, structural deterioration, and indoor air quality problems. Comfort complaints โ€” cold or hot draughts near leakage points โ€” are a common consequence in air-leaky buildings.

Common Sources and Design Mitigation

The principal sources of air leakage in UAE construction include: window and curtain wall frame perimeter seals โ€” particularly critical in high-rise facades where wind pressure differentials are substantial; service penetrations through the facade for mechanical, electrical, and plumbing services; construction joints between different facade systems; roof-to-wall junctions; and HVAC duct penetrations through the building envelope.

Mitigation requires a continuous air barrier strategy โ€” specifying a single unbroken layer of low-permeability material within the construction and detailing all junctions and penetrations to maintain its continuity. In UAE construction, the air barrier is typically achieved through the combination of render or cladding membranes on external walls, correctly sealed window and door frames, and sealed service penetrations. Post-construction pressurisation testing per ATTMA TS1 or ISO 9972 protocols provides the only objective verification of actual achieved airtightness before the building is occupied.

Arabic / ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ
ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ
๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡ช

ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชุญูƒูŽู‘ู… ููŠู‡ุง ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ูุฌูˆุงุช ูˆุฃูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตูˆุฑ ููŠ ุบู„ุงู ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ โ€” ุชูุณุจูู‘ุจ ุฎุณุงุฆุฑ ุทุงู‚ุฉ ูˆุฏุฎูˆู„ ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ ูˆุชุฏู‡ูˆุฑ ุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ูˆู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ุฑุงุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงุฑุงุชูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุนุจุฑ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ู…ุนูŠุงุฑูŠุฉ.

ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุชุณุฑุจ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŸ

ุชุณุฑุจ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก โ€” ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุจุชุณุฑุจ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุฃูˆ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชุญูƒูŽู‘ู… ููŠู‡ุง โ€” ู‡ูˆ ุชุฏูู‚ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ูุชุญุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุบู„ุงู ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰: ุงู„ุดู‚ูˆู‚ ูˆุงู„ูุฌูˆุงุช ุนู†ุฏ ูˆุตู„ุงุช ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎุชุงู… ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุฅุทุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู†ูˆุงูุฐ ูˆุงู„ุฃุจูˆุงุจ ูˆู…ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุช (ู…ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ ูˆุงู„ูƒุงุจู„ุงุช) ูˆุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ุงู„ุฅู†ุดุงุฆูŠุฉ. ูˆูŠุฎุชู„ู ุฌูˆู‡ุฑูŠุงู‹ ุนู† ุงู„ุชู‡ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญูƒูŽู‘ู… ููŠู‡ุง โ€” ุงู„ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ูุตู…ูŽู‘ู…ุฉ ุจุญุฌู… ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูˆุงู„ู…ูุฑุดูŽู‘ุญุฉ โ€” ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุฏููˆุน ุจูุฑูˆู‚ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ุนุฑุถูŠุฉ ูุญุณุจ ูˆู„ุง ูŠููˆููู‘ุฑ ู‡ูˆุงุกู‹ ุทุงุฒุฌุงู‹ ุฐุง ุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุชุญูƒูŽู‘ู… ููŠู‡ุง ู„ู„ูุถุงุก ุงู„ู…ุดุบูˆู„.

ุชุฏุงุนูŠุงุช ุชุณุฑุจ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงุฑุงุชูŠุฉ

ู„ุชุณุฑุจ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุชุฏุงุนูŠุงุช ุณู„ุจูŠุฉ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงุฑุงุชูŠุฉ. ุฎุณุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ: ูŠุฌุจ ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุฑุฏ ููŠ ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ุตูŠู ุงู„ุฐุฑูˆุฉ (42ยฐู…ุŒ 70% ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ) ูˆุชุฌููŠูู‡ ู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุธุฑูˆู ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉุŒ ู…ู…ุง ูŠุณุชู„ุฒู… ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ. ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ุฐุงุช ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช ุชุณุฑุจ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฃู† ุชุฎุณุฑ 25โ€“40% ู…ู† ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุชูƒูŠูŠูู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุณุฑุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ุฅู…ุงุฑุงุชูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุตูˆู‰. ูˆุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ุฑุทูˆุจุฉ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู‚ู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุบ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุต ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุณุงุญู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅู…ุงุฑุงุชูŠุฉ.

ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ูˆุฅุฌุฑุงุกุงุช ุงู„ุชุฎููŠู ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…ูŠุฉ

ุชุดู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ู„ุชุณุฑุจ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ุฅู…ุงุฑุงุชูŠ: ุฃุฎุชุงู… ู…ุญูŠุท ุฅุทุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู†ูˆุงูุฐ ูˆุงู„ูˆุงุฌู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌูŠุฉุ› ูˆู…ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ู„ู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุจุงูƒุฉุ› ูˆุงู„ูˆุตู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุดุงุฆูŠุฉุ› ูˆูˆุตู„ุงุช ุงู„ุณู‚ู ุจุงู„ุฌุฏุงุฑ. ูˆูŠุณุชู„ุฒู… ุงู„ุชุฎููŠู ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุฉ ุญุงุฌุฒ ู‡ูˆุงุก ู…ุชูˆุงุตู„ โ€” ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ุงู„ู†ูุงุฐูŠุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุชุดูŠูŠุฏ ูˆุชูุตูŠู„ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ูˆุตู„ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุงุฎุชุฑุงู‚ุงุช ู„ู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑูŠุชู‡ุง. ูˆูŠููˆููู‘ุฑ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุดุงุก ุงู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุนูŠ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฅุญูƒุงู… ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ูุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุญู‚ูŽู‘ู‚ ู‚ุจู„ ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰.

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